Dictionary of Procurement Terms

Welcome to the NIGP Online Dictionary of Procurement Terms, the comprehensive reference for public purchasing terms and concepts.

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  • Unnecessarily restrictive

    A term used when specifications or terms and conditions limit competition arbitrarily, without reasonably promoting the fulfillment of the procurement needs of a contracting authority.

  • Unsecured Loans

    Loans backed only by the borrowers’ good reputation and previous credit rating. (Business, 2002)

  • Unsolicited Offer

    An offer submitted by a contractor/supplier or consultant in the absence of a bid or solicitation from a buyer. May be submitted in response to a perceived need but not in response to a buyer’s formal request.

  • Unstable Markets

    Markets that exhibit short-term fluctuations. Oil, minerals, agricultural products, and animal by-products typically dominate these markets. The supply of these raw materials is frequently influenced by political forces, weather conditions, speculative financial actions, and other unpredictable reasons not governed by the laws of supply and demand.

  • Unsuccessful Bidder

    A supplier whose bid was not accepted for reasons of price, quantity, or failure to comply with specifications.

  • UPC


    See Also: Universal Product Code (UPC)

  • Upgrade

    To improve the functionality or to increase the value of equipment or services.

  • UPPCC


    See Also: Universal Public Procurement Certification Council (UPPCC)

  • Usage

    The quantity of an inventory item consumed over a period of time expressed in units of quantity or of value in dollars.

  • USC


    See Also: United States Code (USC)

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