Dictionary of Procurement Terms

Welcome to the NIGP Online Dictionary of Procurement Terms, the comprehensive reference for public purchasing terms and concepts.

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  • Export License

    A permit from a host country government, enabling organizations to take goods out of a country. (ISM, 2000)

  • Export Permit

    A document issued by the government of the exporting country granting an exporter permission to export the merchandise described in the document.

  • Exports

    Goods and services sold to foreign buyers. (Schiller, 2000)

  • Express Authority

    That authority that is explicitly given in direct language, rather than inferred from conduct.

    See Also: Implied Authority, Inherent Authority

  • Express Contract

    Those contracts, either written or oral, in which all of the formal elements for contract creation exist.

  • Express Language Rule

    This rule states that when there is only one reasonable interpretation, that interpretation shall prevail. This is a secondary rule of determining the intent of the contracting parties during a dispute. The express language in the contract overrules the behavior of the parties prior to the dispute. Note that the burden of proof rests with the party to show that they actually relied on the interpretation language in the contract.

  • Express Warranty

    A written explanation of the responsibilities of the seller in the event that the product is found to be defective or otherwise unsatisfactory.

    See Also: Implied Warranty

  • Extended Price

    The price for the total number of items ordered, calculated by multiplying the quantity ordered by the unit price.

  • External Procurement Authority

    Any buying organization not located in the state or jurisdiction that, if located in the state or jurisdiction, would qualify as a public procurement unit.

  • Externalities

    Costs or benefits of a market activity borne by a third party; the difference between the social and private costs and benefits of a market activity. (Schiller, 2000)

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