Dictionary of Procurement Terms

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  • Construction Manager at Risk (CMR)

    A construction project delivery method in which the owner enters into separate contracts with the designer and builder, often at or about the same time. During design, the CMAR advises the owner and designer on constructability, value engineering, cost estimating, schedule, sequencing, selection of components and materials, and other matters. When the design is completed, the CMAR becomes the “builder,” or general contractor, responsible or “at risk” for completing construction within the guaranteed maximum price (GMP).

  • Constructive Change

    Oral or written communications, an act or omission by the contracting officer or other authorized government official that is construed as having the same effect as a written change order. Claims for constructive changes are the primary means used by contractors to obtain additional compensation for performing fixed price contracts. Common types of constructive changes are claims concerning contract interpretation, defective specifications, nondisclosure of information, impracticability of performance, breach of the duty to cooperate, and acceleration.

  • Constructive Suspension

    An action in which an agency is responsible for a work stoppage without a contract suspension. A contractor may be entitled to compensation for increased costs after consideration and documentation of a constructive suspension.

  • Consul

    An official appointed by a government to look after its business in a foreign city.

  • Consular Invoice

    An invoice certified by the consulate of the destination country to assure collection of import duties in that country.

  • Consultant

    A person or company that possesses unique qualifications that allow them to perform specialized advisory services usually for a fee.

    See Also: Consulting Services

  • Consulting Services

    Services of an advisory nature required to support policy development, decision-making, administration, or management of a business or public entity; generally provided by individuals or organizations who possess specific knowledge, technical skills, or unique abilities not usually available in-house or from within the entity.

    See Also: Consultant

  • Consumable Item

    Material that is expended or consumed in use and for which no records are maintained after issue.

  • Consumer

    1. A purchaser of a good or service. 2. An end user who is not necessarily a purchaser in the distribution chain of a good or service. (Schiller, 2000)

  • Consumer Grade Product

    A product designed and sold by the manufacturer intended to be used for personal use; products intended for intermittent use by the consumer. Manufacturers may indicate “household use only” on the product’s label to inform the user of the product’s intended use and performance expectancy.

    See Also: Commercial Grade Product

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